Tetrahydropyrrolothiazine compounds

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides a compound of Formula I: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
         
         
           
             wherein R is H or F; and 
             A is: 
           
         
       
    
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The present invention relates to novel tetrahydropyrrolothiazinecompounds, to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, tomethods of using the compounds to treat physiological disorders, and tointermediates and processes useful in the synthesis of the compounds.

The present invention is in the field of treatment of Alzheimer'sdisease and other diseases and disorders involving amyloid β (Abeta)peptide, a neurotoxic and highly aggregatory peptide segment of theamyloid precursor protein (APP). Alzheimer's disease is a devastatingneurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of patients worldwide.In view of the currently approved agents on the market which afford onlytransient, symptomatic benefits to the patient, there is a significantunmet need in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the generation, aggregation, anddeposition of Abeta in the brain. Complete or partial inhibition ofβ-secretase (β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme; BACE) hasbeen shown to have a significant effect on plaque-related andplaque-dependent pathologies in mouse models suggesting that even smallreductions in Aβ peptide levels might result in a long-term significantreduction in plaque burden and synaptic deficits, thus providingsignificant therapeutic benefits, particularly in the treatment ofAlzheimer's disease.

US 2009/0209755 discloses fused aminodihydrothiazine derivatives whichpossess BACE inhibitory activity and are further disclosed as usefultherapeutic agents for a neurodegenerative disease caused by Aβ peptide,such as Alzheimer's type dementia. In addition, J. Neuroscience, 31(46),pages 16507-16516 (2011) discloses(S)-4-(2,4-difluoro-5-pyrimidin-5-yl-phenyl)-4-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-[1,3]thiazin-2-ylamine,an orally administered CNS-active BACE inhibitor.

BACE inhibitors that are potent with sufficient CNS penetration aredesired to provide treatments for Abeta peptide-mediated disorders, suchas Alzheimer's disease. The present invention provides certain novelcompounds that are potent inhibitors of BACE. In addition, the presentinvention provides certain novel compounds with CNS penetration.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a compound of Formula I:

-   -   wherein R is H or F; and    -   A is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The present invention also provides a method of treating Alzheimer'sdisease in a patient, comprising administering to a patient in need ofsuch treatment an effective amount of a compound of Formula I, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The present invention further provides a method of preventing theprogression of mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease in apatient, comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatmentan effective amount of a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof.

The present invention also provides a method of inhibiting BACE in apatient, comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatmentan effective amount of a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof.

The present invention also provides a method for inhibitingBACE-mediated cleavage of amyloid precursor protein, comprisingadministering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amountof a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof.

The invention further provides a method for the inhibition of productionof Abeta peptide, comprising administering to a patient in need of suchtreatment an effective amount of a compound of Formula I, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Furthermore, this invention provides a compound of Formula I or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in therapy, inparticular for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease or for theprevention of the progression of mild cognitive impairment toAlzheimer's disease. Even furthermore, this invention provides the useof a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment ofAlzheimer's disease. This invention also provides the use of a compoundof Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for themanufacture of a medicament for the prevention of the progression ofmild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease. The invention alsoprovides the use of a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for theinhibition of B ACE. The invention further provides the use of acompound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,for the manufacture of a medicament for the inhibition of production ofAbeta peptide.

The invention further provides a pharmaceutical composition, comprisinga compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,in combination with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers,diluents, or excipients. In a particular embodiment, the compositionfurther comprises one or more other therapeutic agents. This inventionalso encompasses novel intermediates and processes for the synthesis ofthe compounds of Formula I.

Mild cognitive impairment has been defined as a potential prodromalphase of dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease based on clinicalpresentation and on progression of patients exhibiting mild cognitiveimpairment to Alzheimer's dementia over time. (Morris, et al., Arch.Neurol., 58, 397-405 (2001); Petersen, et al., Arch. Neurol., 56,303-308 (1999)). The term “prevention of the progression of mildcognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease” includes slowing,arresting, or reversing the progression of mild cognitive impairment toAlzheimer's disease in a patient.

As used herein, the terms “treating” or “to treat” includes restraining,slowing, stopping, or reversing the progression or severity of anexisting symptom or disorder.

As used herein, the term “patient” refers to a human.

The term “inhibition of production of Abeta peptide” is taken to meandecreasing of in vivo levels of Abeta peptide in a patient.

As used herein, the term “effective amount” refers to the amount or doseof compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof which, upon single or multiple dose administration to thepatient, provides the desired effect in the patient under diagnosis ortreatment.

An effective amount can be readily determined by the attendingdiagnostician, as one skilled in the art, by the use of known techniquesand by observing results obtained under analogous circumstances. Indetermining the effective amount for a patient, a number of factors areconsidered by the attending diagnostician, including, but not limitedto: the species of patient; its size, age, and general health; thespecific disease or disorder involved; the degree of or involvement orthe severity of the disease or disorder; the response of the individualpatient; the particular compound administered; the mode ofadministration; the bioavailability characteristics of the preparationadministered; the dose regimen selected; the use of concomitantmedication; and other relevant circumstances.

The compounds of the present invention are generally effective over awide dosage range. For example, dosages per day normally fall within therange of about 0.01 to about 20 mg/kg of body weight. In some instancesdosage levels below the lower limit of the aforesaid range may be morethan adequate, while in other cases still larger doses may be employedwith acceptable side effects, and therefore the above dosage range isnot intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

The compounds of the present invention are preferably formulated aspharmaceutical compositions administered by any route which makes thecompound bioavailable, including oral and parenteral routes. Mostpreferably, such compositions are for oral administration. Suchpharmaceutical compositions and processes for preparing same are wellknown in the art. (See, e.g., Remington: The Science and Practice ofPharmacy (D. B. Troy, Editor, 21st Edition, Lippincott, Williams &Wilkins, 2006).

One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that compounds of theinvention can exist in tautomeric forms, as depicted in Scheme A. Whenany reference in this application to one of the specific tautomers ofthe compounds of the invention is given, it is understood to encompassboth tautomeric forms and all mixtures thereof.

The compounds of the present invention, or salts thereof, may beprepared by a variety of procedures known in the art, some of which areillustrated in the Schemes, Preparations, and Examples below. Thespecific synthetic steps for each of the routes described may becombined in different ways, or in conjunction with steps from differentschemes, to prepare compounds of Formula I, or salts thereof. Theproducts of each step in the schemes below can be recovered byconventional methods, including extraction, evaporation, precipitation,chromatography, filtration, trituration, and crystallization.

Certain stereochemical centers have been left unspecified and certainsubstituents have been eliminated in the following schemes for the sakeof clarity and are not intended to limit the teaching of the schemes inany way. Furthermore, individual isomers, enantiomers, or diastereomersmay be separated or resolved by one of ordinary skill in the art at anyconvenient point in the synthesis of compounds of Formula I by methodssuch as selective crystallization techniques or chiral chromatography(See for example, J. Jacques, et al., “Enantiomers, Racemates, andResolutions”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1981, and E. L. Eliel and S. H.Wilen, “Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds”, Wiley-Interscience,1994). The designations “isomer 1” and “isomer 2” refer to the compoundsthat elute from chiral chromatography first and second, respectively,and if chiral chromatography is initiated early in the synthesis, thesame designation is applied to subsequent intermediates and examples.Additionally, the intermediates described in the following schemescontain a number of nitrogen protecting groups. The variable protectinggroup may be the same or different in each occurrence depending on theparticular reaction conditions and the particular transformations to beperformed. The protection and deprotection conditions are well known tothe skilled artisan and are described in the literature (See for example“Greene's Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis”, Fourth Edition, byPeter G. M. Wuts and Theodora W. Greene, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.2007).

One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that compounds of theinvention are comprised of a core that contains at least two chiralcenters:

Although the present invention contemplates all individual enantiomers,as well as mixtures of the enantiomers of said compounds, includingracemates, the compounds with the absolute configuration at the carbonatoms labeled 1 and 2 as illustrated in Scheme B are preferred compoundsof the invention.

Abbreviations used herein are defined according to Aldrichimica Acta,Vol. 17, No. 1, 1984. Other abbreviations are defined as follows: “APP”refers to amyloid precursor protein; “BOC” refers totert-butyloxycarbonyl; “CSF” refers to cerebrospinal fluid; “DCC” refersto 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide; “DIC” refers todiisopropylcarbodiimide; “DMEM” refers to Dulbecco's Modified Eagle'sMedium; “DMSO” refers to dimethyl sulfoxide; “EDCI” refers to1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride; “ee” refersto enantiomeric excess; “EtOAc” refers to ethyl acetate; “Ex” refers toexample; “F12” refers to Ham's F12 medium; “FBS” refers to Fetal BovineSerum; “FRET” refers to fluorescence resonance energy transfer; “HEK”refers to human embryonic kidney; “HOAc” refers to acetic acid; “HOAt”refers to 1-hydroxy-7-azobenzotriazole; “HOBt” refers to1-hydroxylbenzotriazole hydrate; “HPLC” refers to high-performanceliquid chromatography; “hr refers to hour or hours; “IC₅₀” refers to theconcentration of an agent that produces 50% of the maximal inhibitoryresponse possible for that agent; “min” refers to minute or minutes;“MTBE” refers to methyl tert-butyl ether; “PDAPP” refers to plateletderived amyloid precursor protein; “Prep” refers to preparation; “RFU”refers to relative fluorescence unit “R_(t)” refers to retention time;“RT” refers to room temperature; “SCX” refers to strong cation exchange;“SFC” refers to supercritical fluid chromatography; and “THF” refers totetrahydrofuran.

In the schemes below, all substituents unless otherwise indicated, areas previously defined. The reagents and starting materials are generallyreadily available to one of ordinary skill in the art. Others may bemade by standard techniques of organic and heterocyclic chemistry whichare analogous to the syntheses of known structurally-similar compoundsand the procedures described in the Preparations and Examples whichfollow including any novel procedures.

Scheme 1 depicts the formation of oximes (4) and (8). The oximes caneach be used to form the bicyclic isoxazole (5). The substitutedaromatic group can be inserted at different points of the synthesis asshown in Scheme 1, Step 1 and Step 7. “PG” is a protecting groupdeveloped for the amino group, such as carbamates and allyl. Such groupsare well known and appreciated in the art.

In a 2-step reaction, a ketone with a beta halogen (1) can be alkylated(3, Step 1) with a protected allyl amine (2) using an inorganic basesuch as potassium carbonate and then treated with hydroxylaminehydrochloride and an organic base such as pyridine in a polar proticsolvent such as ethanol to give the oxime (4, Step 2). The oxime (4) canthen be converted to the bicyclic isoxazole (5) in a 3+2 cyclization byseveral methods such as heating the oxime (4) in a non-polar solventsuch as toluene or xylenes to form the bicyclic isoxazole (5, Step 3).Alternatively, an oxime can be formed starting from a dimethyl acetal(6) which is treated with an acid such as formic acid to form thealdehyde (7, Step 4). In step 5, the aldehyde (7) can then be convertedto the oxime (8) with hydroxylamine hydrochloride and a base such assodium acetate trihydrate. The bicyclic isoxazole (9) can be formed fromthe oxime (8) as shown in Step 6 using an aqueous solution of sodiumhypochlorite. In step 7, the protected bicyclic isoxazole (9) is thenreacted with an aromatic organolithium reagent or Grignard reagent togive protected bicyclic isoxazole (5).

Scheme 2 illustrates different routes to the protected pyrrolo thiazine(12). The protected bicyclic isoxazole (5) can be treated with powderedZn in acetic acid or by Raney Nickel in a polar solvent such as ethanolunder pressure hydrogenation conditions to give an aminopyrrolidinemethanol (13, Step 11). The aminopyrrolidine methanol (13) is thenreacted with benzoyl isothiocyanate in a polar solvent such as THFfollowed by the addition of 1,1 carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) to give thefused protected pyrrolidine thiazine (12, Step 12). Alternatively, theamine of the bicyclic isoxazole (5) can be reacted with benzoylisothiocyanate to give the thiourea (10, Step 8), and then, in Step 9the isoxazole ring can be opened with powdered zinc in acetic acid togive the hydroxyl compound (11). The hydroxyl compound (11) can then betreated with CDI in a polar aprotic solvent such as THF or1-chloro-N,N,2-trimethylpropenylamine in DCM to form the fused protectedpyrrolidine thiazine (12, Step 10). The fused pyrrolidine thiazine (12)can also be formed from a Mitsunobu reaction such as usingtriphenylphosphine and diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (DIAD).

Scheme 3 depicts the conversion of the pyrrolo thiazine (12) to theaniline (14, Step 13) which can then be acylated followed by thedeprotection and heteroarylation of the pyrrolidine. Deprotection of thethiazine amine leads to compounds of Formula I.

Azido-dehalogenation is performed on the appropriate pyrrolo thiazine(12) in the presence of an azide source, such as sodium azide. Suchazido-dehalogenation reactions are well known and appreciated in theart. Reduction of the resulting azide intermediate to the aniline (14,Step 13) may be effected by hydrogenation conditions that are well knownand described in the art or by reducing agents well known in the art,such as LiAlH₄, NaBH₄, PPh₃.

A BOC protected pyrrolidine can be deprotected under acidic conditionswell known in the art (Step 1 of Step 14). The deprotected pyrrolidinecan then be heteroarylated in a nucleophilic aromatic substitution(SNAr) with a substituted aromatic pyrimidine using an organic base suchas diisopropylethylamine, triethylamine, orN,N,N,N′-tetramethylguanidine to give compound 15 (Step 2 of Step 14).The aniline (15) can be coupled with heteroaromatic carboxylic acids(16) under coupling conditions (Step 1 of Step 15). One skilled in theart will recognize that there are a number of methods and reagents foramide formation resulting from the reaction of carboxylic acids andamines. For example, the reaction of an appropriate aniline (15) with anappropriate acid of compound 16 in the presence of a coupling reagentand an amine base such as DIPEA or triethylamine, will give a compoundof Formula I following deprotection of the thiazine amine. Couplingreagents include carbodiimides such as DCC, DIC, EDCI, and aromaticoximes such as HOBt and HOAt. Additionally, uronium or phosphonium saltsof non-nucleophilic anions such as HBTU, HATU, PyBOP, and PyBrOP can beused in place of the more traditional coupling reagents. Additives suchas DMAP may be used to enhance the reaction. Alternatively, theprotected aniline amine (15) can be acylated using substituted benzoylchlorides in the presence of a base such as triethylamine or pyridine.The protected thiazine amine can then be deprotected with an organicbase such as pyridine and methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride in a polaraprotic solvent such as ethanol or an inorganic base such as lithiumhydroxide in methanol to give compounds of Formula I.

In an optional step, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound ofFormula I can be formed by reaction of an appropriate free base ofFormula I with an appropriate pharmaceutically acceptable acid in asuitable solvent under standard conditions. Additionally, the formationof such salts can occur simultaneously upon deprotection of a nitrogenprotecting group. The formation of such salts is well known andappreciated in the art. See, for example, Gould, P. L., “Salt selectionfor basic drugs,” International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 33: 201-217(1986); Bastin, R. J., et al. “Salt Selection and OptimizationProcedures for Pharmaceutical New Chemical Entities,” Organic ProcessResearch and Development, 4: 427-435 (2000); and Berge, S. M., et al.,“Pharmaceutical Salts,” Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 66: 1-19,(1977). One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that a compoundof Formula I is readily converted to and may be isolated as apharmaceutically acceptable salt, such as a hydrochloride salt.

PREPARATIONS AND EXAMPLES

The following preparations and examples further illustrate theinvention. Unless noted to the contrary, the compounds illustratedherein are named and numbered using Symyx® Draw version 3.2 or version4.0 (Symyx Solutions, Inc.) or IUPACNAME ACDLABS.

Preparation 1 1-(3-Bromophenyl)-2-(diallylamino)ethanone

Potassium carbonate (38.8 g, 281 mmol) is added to 3-bromophenacylbromide (60 g 216 mmol) in acetonitrile (430 mL), and the mixture iscooled under nitrogen to 0° C. Diallylamine (34.6 mL, 280.63 mmol) isadded drop wise over 1 hour and the reaction is allowed to warm to 22°C. overnight. The crude reaction mixture is concentrated and the residueis partitioned in water (300 mL) and MTBE (300 mL). The aqueous layer isdiscarded and the organic layer is washed with water (100 mL, 2×) andwith brine (100 mL). The organic layer is dried over sodium sulfate,filtered, and the solvent evaporated to constant weight to give thetitle compound (62 g, 98%). ES/MS (m/e): 294 (M+1).

Preparation 2 Benzyl N-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)carbamate

A solution of aminoacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal (25 mL, 229 mmol) intoluene (120 mL) is treated at 0° C. with a 4.85 M sodium hydroxidesolution (70.8 mL, 343.5 mmol). The mixture is stirred at 0° C. for 10minutes and benzyl chloroformate (33.8 mL, 229 mmol) is added keepingthe internal temperature below 20° C. during the addition. The mixtureis warmed to room temperature over 4 hours. The organic layer isseparated, washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, andconcentrated to dryness to give the title compound (54 g, 98%). ES/MS(m/e): 240 (M+H).

Preparation 3 Benzyl N-allyl-N-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)carbamate

A solution of benzyl N-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)carbamate (50 g, 208.9 mmol)in toluene (180 mL) is treated with solid potassium hydroxide (51.6 g,919.69 mmol) under nitrogen. After 10 minutes, benzyltriethylammoniumchloride (0.8 g, 3.1 mmol) is added. After another 10 minutes a solutionof allyl bromide (33 g, 272.8 mmol) in toluene (50 mL) is added dropwise over 10 minutes. The resultant mixture is stirred at 50° C. for 48hours. The mixture is cooled to room temperature and quenched withwater. The organic layer is separated, washed with brine, dried overmagnesium sulfate, and concentrated to dryness to give the titlecompound (44 g, 75%). ES/MS (m/e): 280 (M+H).

Preparation 4 Benzyl N-allyl-N-(2-oxoethyl)carbamate

A solution of benzyl N-allyl-N-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)carbamate (30 g, 107mmol) in formic acid (36.8 mL, 860 mmol) and water (4.84 mL) is stirredat room temperature overnight. The mixture is concentrated and dilutedwith hexanes/ethyl acetate (1:2) and water. The organic layer isseparated, washed with brine solution until pH=6, and dried over sodiumsulfate. The solvent is evaporated to give the title compound (25 g,99%). ES/MS (m/e): 234 (M+H).

Preparation 5 1-(3-Bromophenyl)-2-(diallylamino)ethanone oxime

A solution of 1-(3-bromophenyl)-2-(diallylamino)ethanone (60 g, 204.7mmol) in ethanol (720 mL) and pyridine (24.8 mL, 307 mmol) is stirred 15minutes at 22° C. Hydroxylamine hydrochloride (17 g, 246 mmol) is addedin portions to the solution over 1 hour. The reaction is warmed to 50°C. for 2 hours and then heated to 70° C. for 16 hours. The solvent isevaporated and the residue partitioned in water (300 mL) and methyltert-butyl ether (300 mL). The organic layer is separated and washedwith water (100 mL, 2×) and brine (100 mL). The organic layer is driedover sodium sulfate, filtered, and evaporated to dryness to give thetitle compound (75.5 g, 79%). ES/MS (m/e): 309 (M+1).

Preparation 6 Benzyl N-allyl-N-[2-hydroxyiminoethyl]carbamate

A solution of benzyl N-allyl-N-(2-oxoethyl)carbamate (25 g, 107 mmol) inacetonitrile (150 mL) is treated with hydroxylamine hydrochloride (9.68g, 139 mmol) and a solution of sodium acetate trihydrate (16 g, 117.9mmol) in water (75 mL). The mixture is stirred at room temperatureovernight. The acetonitrile is evaporated and the aqueous solution isextracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer is separated, dried overmagnesium sulfate, and concentrated under vacuum to give the titlecompound (24 g, 90%). ES/MS (m/e): 249 (M+H).

Preparation 75-Allyl-6a-(3-bromophenyl)-3,3a,4,6-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-c]isoxazole

The crude 1-(3-bromophenyl)-2-(diallylamino)ethanone oxime (75.5 g,195.34 mmol) is dissolved in toluene (600 mL) and refluxed for 12 hours.The solvent is evaporated in vacuo and the residue dissolved in amixture of aqueous 1 N HCl (1 L) and methyl tert-butyl ether (300 mL).The mixture is stirred for 15 minutes and diatomaceous earth (10 g) isadded. The mixture is stirred for an additional 20 minutes and filteredthrough diatomaceous earth. The filter cake is washed with additionalaqueous 1 N HCl (200 mL) and methyl tert-butyl ether (200 mL). Theorganic layer is separated and washed with 1 N HCl (2×100 mL). Theaqueous layers are combined and the pH adjusted to 9 with NaOH 50% w/w.The aqueous mixture is extracted with methyl tert-butyl ether (3×250mL). The organic layers are combined, dried over sodium sulfate andfiltered. The filtrate is evaporated and dried under vacuum to give ared solid (60 g). The red solid is diluted with heptane (600 mL) and themixture heated to reflux for 20 minutes. Charcoal (2 g) is added and themixture is filtered through diatomaceous earth. The filtrates areconcentrated under atmospheric pressure to adjust the final volume to300 mL. The solution is cooled to 22° C. and stirred for 3 hours. A paleyellow solid is collected by filtration and dried under vacuum to aconstant weight to give the title compound (40 g, 60%). ES/MS (m/e): 309(M+1).

Preparation 8 Benzyl3,3a,4,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]isoxazole-5-carboxylate

A solution of Benzyl N-allyl-N-[2-hydroxyiminoethyl]carbamate (24 g,96.6 mmol) in dichloromethane (338 mL) is treated drop wise over 10minutes with a 5% w/w aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite (106.08mmol, 143.06 mL). The resultant mixture is stirred at room temperatureovernight. The reaction is quenched with a 40% aqueous solution ofsodium bisulfite (7 g). The organic layer is separated, dried overmagnesium sulfate, and concentrated under vacuum. The crude product ispurified over silica gel eluting with 5% ethyl acetate in hexanes togive the title compound (18 g, 75%). ES/MS (m/e): 247 (M+H).

Preparation 9 Benzyl6a-(5-bromo-2-fluoro-phenyl)-3,3a,4,6-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-c]isoxazole-5-carboxylate

A 1.6 M hexanes solution of n-butyl lithium (25.4 mL, 40.6 mmol) isadded drop wise to a −78° C. solution of 4-bromo-1-fluoro-2-iodobenzene(12.22 g, 40.6 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (60 mL) to give a yellowsolution that is stirred at −78° C. for 15 minutes. Boron trifluorideetherate (5.14 mL, 40.6 mmol) is added to a separate −78° C. solution ofbenzyl 3,3a,4,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]isoxazole-5-carboxylate (5 g,20.3 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (60 mL) and the mixture is stirred at −78°C. for 5 minutes. This solution is added to the previously prepared −78°C. organolithium mixture via cannula. The combined mixture is stirredfor 30 minutes at −78° C. The mixture is quenched with saturated aqueousammonium chloride and warmed to room temperature. The mixture isextracted with ethyl acetate (3×) and the organic extracts are combined,dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo.The crude product is purified over silica gel with a 35 minute 5% to100% ethyl acetate in hexanes gradient to give the title compound (2.27g, 27%). ES/MS (m/e): (⁷⁹Br/⁸¹Br) 421/423 (M+H).

Preparation 10 Benzyl1-(benzoylcarbamothioyl)-6a-(5-bromo-2-fluoro-phenyl)-3,3a,4,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]isoxazole-5-carboxylate

Benzoyl isothiocyanate (2.87 mL, 21.28 mmol) is added drop wise to asolution of benzyl6a-(5-bromo-2-fluoro-phenyl)-3,3a,4,6-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-c]isoxazole-5-carboxylate(5.977 g, 14.2 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (95 mL) and stirred overnightunder nitrogen. The solvent is removed in vacuo. The crude product ispurified over silica gel with a 30 minute 5% to 100% EtOAc in hexanesgradient to give the title compound (6.05 g, 73%). ES/MS (m/e):(⁷⁹Br/⁸¹Br) 584/586 (M+H).

Preparation 11[1-Allyl-4-amino-4-(3-bromophenyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]methanol

A 22° C. solution of5-allyl-6a-(3-bromophenyl)-3,3a,4,6-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-c]isoxazole(40 g, 129.4 mmol) in acetic acid (400 mL) is treated with zinc dust(42.3 g, 646.8 mmol) in one portion. The reaction is stirred vigorouslyat room temperature for 1 hour. Ethyl acetate (400 mL) is added and themixture is filtered through diatomaceous earth. The filtrate isevaporated and the residue dried under vacuum. The residue ispartitioned in water (300 mL) and MTBE (300 mL). The pH is adjusted to 8with sodium hydroxide 50% w/w and the organic layer is separated, driedover sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate is evaporated and theresidue dried under vacuum to give the title compound (41 g, 97%). ES/MS(m/e): 311 (M+1).

Preparation 12 Benzyl3-(benzoylcarbamothioylamino)-3-(5-bromo-2-fluoro-phenyl)-4-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate

A mixture of benzyl1-(benzoylcarbamothioyl)-6a-(5-bromo-2-fluoro-phenyl)-3,3a,4,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]isoxazole-5-carboxylate(6.05 g 10.4 mmol) and zinc (dust, <10 micron) (6.77 g, 103.5 mmol) isstirred in acetic acid (52 mL) at room temperature overnight undernitrogen. The reaction is diluted with ethyl acetate and filteredthrough diatomaceous earth. The solvent is removed in vacuo and theresidue is diluted with ethyl acetate, water and saturated aqueoussodium bicarbonate. The mixture is extracted with ethyl acetate (3×),the combined organic layers are combined and dried over sodium sulfate,filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo. The crude product is purifiedover silica gel with a 30 minute 5% to 100% EtOAc in hexanes gradient togive the title compound (5.222 g, 86%). ES/MS (m/e): (⁷⁹Br/⁸¹Br) 586/588(M+H).

Preparation 13[(3R,4S)-1-Allyl-4-amino-4-(3-bromophenyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]methanol;(2R,3R)-2,3-bis[(4-methylbenzoyl)oxy]butanedioic acid

A solution of [1-allyl-4-amino-4-(3-bromophenyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]methanol(77 g, 235 mmol) in isopropyl alcohol (914 mL) is heated to 70° C.Di-p-toluoyl-L-tartaric acid (86.2 g, 223 mmol) is added and the mixtureis cooled to 22° C. over 2 hours and stirred overnight. The slurry isfiltered to collect a pale yellow solid and washed with isopropylalcohol. The solid is dried under vacuum to give the title compound (63g, 36%). ES/MS (m/e): 311 (M+1). The product is analyzed by reversephase chiral chromatography: Analysis of the first eluting isomer(Column: Chiralpak ID-3 4.6×50 mm; eluent: 70:30, aqueous 20 mM ammoniumbicarbonate: acetonitrile; flow: 1.5 mL/min at UV 215 nm) confirms theenantiomerically enriched (96% ee) enantiomer with R_(t)=1.26 minutes.

Preparation 14[(3R,4S)-1-Allyl-4-amino-4-(3-bromophenyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]methanol

[(3R,4S)-1-Allyl-4-amino-4-(3-bromophenyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]methanol;(2R,3R)-2,3-bis[(4-methylbenzoyl)oxy]butanedioic acid (63 g 85.8 mmol)is combined with aqueous 1 N HCl (800 mL) and ethyl acetate (400 mL) andthe mixture is stirred for 15 minutes at 22° C. The layers are separatedand the pH of the aqueous layer is adjusted to 10 with sodium hydroxide50% w/w. The aqueous mixture is extracted with methyl tert-butyl ether(3×250 mL). The combined organic layers are dried over magnesiumsulfate, filtered and evaporated to dryness to give the title compound(27 g, 99%). ES/MS (m/e): 311 (M+1).

Preparation 15N-[(4aR,7aS)-6-Allyl-7a-(3-bromophenyl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-2-yl]benzamide

A solution of[(3R,4S)-1-allyl-4-amino-4-(3-bromophenyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]methanol (27g; 86.7 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (270 mL) is cooled to −5° C. under anitrogen atmosphere. Benzoyl isothiocyanate (12.3 mL, 91 mmol) is addeddrop wise keeping the temperature below 0° C. The reaction is allowed towarm to 22° C. over 1 hour. 1,1′-Carbonyldiimidazole (28.1 g, 173.5mmol) is added in a single portion and the reaction is stirred for 1hour at 22° C. and then heated to reflux for 16 hours. The solvent isremoved in vacuo and the residue dried under vacuum. The crude materialis partitioned in methyl tert-butyl ether (500 mL) and water (250 mL).The organic layer is separated, dried over magnesium sulfate, filteredand evaporated to dryness. The crude material is purified over a silicagel gradient of 90/10 to 60/40 methylene chloride/ethyl acetate to givethe title compound (27 g, 68%). ES/MS (m/e): 456 (M+1).

Preparation 16 Benzyl2-benzamido-7a-(5-bromo-2-fluoro-phenyl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazine-6-carboxylate

1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (2.87 g, 17.7 mmol) is added to a solution ofbenzyl3-(benzoylcarbamothioylamino)-3-(5-bromo-2-fluoro-phenyl)-4-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate(5.198 g, 8.86 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (52 mL). The mixture is stirredfor 1.5 hours at room temperature and then the reaction is heated atreflux overnight under nitrogen. The reaction is cooled, diluted withwater, and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×). The organic layers arecombined, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and the solvent removedin vacuo. The crude product is purified over silica gel with a 30 minute5% to 100% EtOAc in hexanes gradient to give the title compound (2.93 g,58%). ES/MS (m/e): (⁷⁹Br/⁸¹Br). 568/570 (M+H)

Preparation 17N-[(4aR,7aS)-7a-(3-Bromophenyl)-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-2-yl]benzamide

A room temperature mixture ofN-[(4aR,7aS)-6-allyl-7a-(3-bromophenyl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-2-yl]benzamide(1 g, 2.19 mmol) and N,N-dimethylbarbituric acid (0.868 g, 5.48 mmol) inchloroform (22 mL) is degassed by bubbling nitrogen through theresulting slurry at RT for 5 min. The mixture is treated withtetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0.261 g, 219 μmoles) and isstirred for 1.5 hours under nitrogen.

In a separate flask, a mixture ofN-[(4aR,7aS)-6-allyl-7a-(3-bromophenyl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-2-yl]benzamide(22.2 g, 48.6 mmol) and N,N-dimethylbarbituric acid (19.28 g, 121.6mmol) in chloroform (486 mL) is degassed by bubbling nitrogen throughthe resulting slurry at RT for 5 min. The mixture is treated withtetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (5.79 g, 4.86 mmol) and is stirredfor 2 hours under nitrogen.

The two reactions are combined and the solvent is removed in vacuo togive the crude product. The crude material is purified over silica gelwith a 30 minute 0.5% to 10% methanol in dichloromethane gradient togive the title compound (22.4 g, 100%). ES/MS (m/e): (⁷⁹Br/⁸¹Br) 416/418(M+H).

Preparation 18N-[7a-(5-Bromo-2-fluoro-phenyl)-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-2-yl]benzamide

Iodotrimethylsilane (2.21 mL, 15.46 mmol) is added drop wise to a roomtemperature solution of benzyl2-benzamido-7a-(5-bromo-2-fluoro-phenyl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazine-6-carboxylate(2.93 g, 5.15 mmol) in acetonitrile (44 mL). The reaction is stirred atroom temperature for two hours and the solvent is removed in vacuo. Thecrude product is purified with an SCX column using 3:1dichloromethane:methanol and then 2:1 dichloromethane:7 N ammonia inmethanol to give the title compound (2.098 g, 94%). ES/MS (m/e):(⁷⁹Br/⁸¹Br) 434/436 (M+H).

Preparation 19 tert-Butyl(4aR,7aS)-2-benzamido-7a-(3-bromophenyl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazine-6-carboxylate

A room temperature solution ofN-[(4aR,7aS)-7a-(3-bromophenyl)-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-2-yl]benzamide(22.4 g, 36.69 mmol) in dichloromethane (367 mL) is treated withdi-t-butyldicarbonate (8.81 g, 40.36 mmol) followed by triethylamine(7.67 mL, 55.04 mmol) and the reaction is stirred at room temperaturefor 1 hour under nitrogen. The solvent is removed in vacuo and the crudeproduct is purified over silica gel with a 25 minute 5% to 100% ethylacetate in hexanes gradient to give the title compound (20.22 g, 100%).ES/MS (m/e): (⁷⁹Br/⁸¹Br) 516/518 (M+H).

Preparation 20 tert-Butyl2-benzamido-7a-(5-bromo-2-fluoro-phenyl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazine-6-carboxylate

Di-t-butyldicarbonate (1.16 g, 5.31 mmol) and triethylamine (1.01 mL,7.25 mmol) are added to a solution ofN-[7a-(5-bromo-2-fluoro-phenyl)-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-2-yl]benzamide(2.098 g, 4.83 mmol) in dichloromethane (48 mL). The reaction is stirredfor 1 hour at room temperature under nitrogen. The solvent is removed invacuo and the crude product is purified over silica gel with a 30 minute5% to 100% EtOAc in hexanes gradient to give the title compound (2.556g, 99%). ES/MS (m/e): (⁷⁹Br/⁸¹Br) 534/536 (M+H).

Preparation 21 tert-Butyl(4aR,7aS)-7a-(3-aminophenyl)-2-benzamido-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazine-6-carboxylate

A solution of tert-butyl(4aR,7aS)-2-benzamido-7a-(3-bromophenyl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazine-6-carboxylate(5 g, 9.7 mmol) and trans-N,N′-dimethyl-1,2-cyclohexanediamine (220.3mg, 1.5 mmol) in ethanol (100 mL) is treated with sodium azide (1.30 g,19.4 mmol). An aqueous solution of L-ascorbic acid sodium salt (0.66 M,3.2 mL, 2.1 mmol) and water (10 mL) is added and the top of the flask ispurged with nitrogen. The mixture is treated with an aqueous solution ofcopper(II)sulfate pentahydrate (0.33 M, 3.2 mL, 1.1 mmol) and themixture is immediately heated on a preheated hot plate at 80° C. for 1.5hrs under nitrogen. A homogeneous mixture is obtained upon heating. Thereaction is cooled and ice water is added. The mixture is extracted withethyl acetate (3×). The organic layers are combined and dried oversodium sulfate, filtered, and the solvent is removed in vacuo to givecrude azide product. The crude azide product is combined with 10%palladium on carbon (2 g) in cold ethanol (150 mL) and the mixture ispurged using vacuum/nitrogen and then vacuum/hydrogen. The mixture isstirred at room temperature under 30 psi of hydrogen for 2 hours. Thereaction is vented and the mixture is filtered through diatomaceousearth using dichloromethane to rinse the filter cake. The solvent isremoved from the filtrate in vacuo and the crude product is purifiedover silica gel with 50% ethyl acetate in dichloromethane to give thetitle compound (4 g, 91%). ES/MS (m/e): 453 (M+H).

Preparation 22 tert-Butyl7a-(5-amino-2-fluoro-phenyl)-2-benzamido-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazine-6-carboxylate

A solution of tert-butyl2-benzamido-7a-(5-bromo-2-fluoro-phenyl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazine-6-carboxylate(2.556 g, 4.8 mmol) and trans-N,N′-dimethyl-1,2-cyclohexanediamine (150mg, 1.1 mmol) in ethanol (50 mL) is treated with sodium azide (933 mg,14.3 mmol). An aqueous solution of L-ascorbic acid sodium salt (0.66 M,3.2 mL, 2.1 mmol) and water (1 mL) are added and the top of the flask ispurged with nitrogen. The mixture is treated with an aqueous solution ofcopper(II)sulfate pentahydrate (0.33 M, 3.2 mL, 1.1 mmol) and themixture is immediately heated on a preheated hot plate at 80° C. for 1.5hrs under nitrogen. A homogeneous mixture is obtained upon heating. Thereaction is cooled, diluted with ice water, and the mixture is extractedwith ethyl acetate (3×). The organic layers are combined and dried oversodium sulfate, filtered, and the solvent removed in vacuo to give thecrude azide product. The crude azide product is combined with 10%palladium on carbon (1 g) in cold ethanol (150 mL) and the mixture ispurged using vacuum/nitrogen and then vacuum/hydrogen. The mixture isstirred at room temperature under 30 psi of hydrogen for 5 hours. Thereaction is vented, filtered through diatomaceous earth, and the filtercake rinsed with dichloromethane. Remove the solvent from the filtratein vacuo and purify the crude product over silica gel with 50% ethylacetate in dichloromethane to afford the titled compound (2.014 g, 89%).ES/MS (m/e): 471 (M+H).

Preparation 23 tert-Butyl(4aR,7aS)-2-benzamido-7a-[3-[(5-fluoropyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]phenyl]-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazine-6-carboxylate

A slurry of tert-butyl(4aR,7aS)-7a-(3-aminophenyl)-2-benzamido-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazine-6-carboxylate(93 mg, 0.21 mmol), 5-fluoropyridine-2-carboxylic acid (31.9 mg, 0.23mmol), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (56.7 mg, 0.41 mmol) and1-(2-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (40 mg, 0.21mmol) in dichloromethane (4 mL) containing dimethylformamide (1 ml) istreated with diisopropylethylamine (179.2 μL, 1.03 mmol) and theresulting mixture is stirred at room temperature overnight. The reactionmixture is diluted with dichloromethane (5 mL) and saturated aqueoussodium bicarbonate (15 mL). The organic layer is separated and washedwith saturated aqueous sodium chloride (10 mL), dried over sodiumsulfate, filtered, and the solvent removed in vacuo to give the crudetitle compound (105 mg, 89%). ES/MS (m/e): 576 (M+H).

Preparation 24N-[3-[(4aR,7aS)-2-Benzamido-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-7a-yl]phenyl]-5-fluoro-pyridine-2-carboxamide;2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid

tert-Butyl(4aR,7aS)-2-benzamido-7a-[3-[(5-fluoropyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]phenyl]-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazine-6-carboxylate(105 mg, 0.18 mmol) is dissolved in dichloromethane (2 mL) and treatedwith trifluoroacetic acid (500 μL, 6.6 mmol). The resulting yellowsolution is stirred for 4 hours at room temperature and the solventremoved in vacuo to give the crude title product (190 mg, 100%). ES/MS(m/e): 476 (M+H).

Preparation 25N-[(4aR,7aS)-7a-(3-Aminophenyl)-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-2-yl]benzamide

Trifluoroacetic acid (25 mL) is added to a solution of tert-butyl(4aR,7aS)-7a-(3-aminophenyl)-2-benzamido-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazine-6-carboxylate(4 g, 8.84 mmol) in dichloromethane (100 mL) and the mixture is stirredat room temperature under nitrogen for 4 hours. The solvent is removedin vacuo and the crude product is purified with an SCX column using 3:1dichloromethane:methanol and then 2:1 dichloromethane:7 N ammonia inmethanol to give the title compound (2.49 g, 80%). ES/MS (m/e): 353(M+H).

Preparation 26N-[7a-(5-Amino-2-fluoro-phenyl)-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-2-yl]benzamide

Trifluoroacetic acid (10 mL) is added to a solution of tert-butyl7a-(5-amino-2-fluoro-phenyl)-2-benzamido-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazine-6-carboxylate(2.013 g, 4.28 mmol) in dichloromethane (30 mL) and the mixture isstirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 4 hours. The solventremoved in vacuo and the crude product is purified with an SCX columnusing 3:1 dichloromethane:methanol and then 2:1 dichloromethane:7 Nammonia in methanol to give the title compound (1.555 g, 98%). ES/MS(m/e): 371 (M+H).

Preparation 27N-[(4aR,7aS)-7a-(3-Aminophenyl)-6-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-2-yl]benzamide

A solution ofN-[(4aR,7aS)-7a-(3-aminophenyl)-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-2-yl]benzamide(2.49 g, 7.06 mmol), 5-fluoro-2-chloropyrimidine (3.74 g, 28.26 mmol),and diisopropylethylamine (6.16 mL, 35.32 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (60 mL)is heated to reflux for 4 hours under nitrogen. The reaction is cooled,diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×). The combinedorganic extracts are dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and the solventis removed in vacuo to give the crude product. The crude product ispurified over silica gel with a 25 minute 5% to 100% ethyl acetate inhexanes gradient to give the title compound (2.51 g, 79%). ES/MS (m/e):449 (M+H).

Preparation 28N-[3-[(4aR,7aS)-2-Benzamido-6-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-7a-yl]phenyl]-5-fluoro-pyridine-2-carboxamide

A solution ofN-[3-[(4aR,7aS)-2-benzamido-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-7a-yl]phenyl]-5-fluoro-pyridine-2-carboxamide;2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid (150 mg, 254 μmol),5-fluoro-2-chloropyrimidine (68 mg, 51 μmol) and diisopropylethylamine(98 μL, 56 μmol) is heated in dimethyl sulfoxide (5 mL) overnight at 40°C. Additional 5-fluoro-2-chloropyrimidine (68 mg, 51 μmol) anddiisopropylethylamine (98 μL, 56 μmol) is added and the mixture isheated overnight at 50° C. Additional 5-fluoro-2-chloropyrimidine (68mg, 51 μmol) and diisopropylethylamine (98 μL, 56 μmol) is added and themixture is heated overnight at 50° C. for a third night. The reaction iscooled, diluted with saturated aqueous sodium carbonate (50 mL) to givea slurry that is filtered and dried in a vacuum oven at 50° C. for 4hours to give the title compound (60 mg, 41%). ES/MS (m/e): 449 (M+H).

Alternate Preparation 28

N-[(4aR,7aS)-7a-(3-Aminophenyl)-6-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-2-yl]benzamide(282 mg, 628.73 μmol) and 5-fluoropyridine-2-carboxylic acid (106.46 mg,754.47 μmol) are combined in dichloromethane (3 mL) anddimethylformamide (0.5 mL). 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole (112.70 mg, 817.35μmol) and then 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimidehydrochloride (159.07 mg, 817.35 μmol) is added and the resultingmixture is stirred for 5 hours at room temperature under nitrogen. Thereaction mixture is diluted with water and the pH is adjusted with 1 NNaOH to ˜12. The mixture is extracted with ethyl acetate (3×). Theorganic extracts are combined, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered andthe solvent removed in vacuo to give the crude product. The crudeproduct is purified over silica gel with a 20 minute 5% to 100% ethylacetate in hexanes gradient to give the title compound (327 mg, 91%).ES/MS (m/e): 571 (M+H).

Preparation 29N-[7a-(5-Amino-2-fluoro-phenyl)-6-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-2-yl]benzamide

A solution ofN-[7a-(5-amino-2-fluoro-phenyl)-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-2-yl]benzamide(705 mg, 1.90 mmol), 5-fluoro-2-chloropyrimidine (1.01 g, 7.61 mmol),and diisopropylethylamine (1.66 mL, 9.52 mmol) are heated in 1,4-dioxane(20 mL) to reflux for 4 hours under nitrogen. The reaction is cooled,diluted with water, and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×). The organiclayers are combined, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and the solventremoved in vacuo to give crude product. The crude product is purifiedover silica gel with a 25 minute 5% to 100% ethyl acetate in hexanesgradient to give the title compound (590 mg, 66%). ES/MS (m/e): 467(M+H).

Preparation 30N-[3-[(4aR,7aS)-2-Benzamido-6-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-7a-yl]phenyl]-5-methoxy-pyrazine-2-carboxamide

N-[(4aR,7aS)-7a-(3-Aminophenyl)-6-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-2-yl]benzamide(400 mg, 891.81 μmole) and 5-methoxypyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (165 mg,1.07 mmol) are combined in dichloromethane (4 mL) and dimethylformamide(0.5 mL). 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole (160 mg, 1.16 mmol) and then1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (226 mg,1.16 mmol) are added and the resulting mixture is stirred for 5 hours atroom temperature under nitrogen. The reaction mixture is diluted withwater and the pH is adjusted to ˜12 with 1 N NaOH. The mixture isextracted with ethyl acetate (3×). The combined organic extracts aredried over sodium sulfate, filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo.The crude product is purified over silica gel with a 20 minute 5% to100% ethyl acetate in hexanes gradient to give the title compound (482mg, 92%). ES/MS (m/e): 585 (M+H).

Preparation 31N-[3-[2-Benzamido-6-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-7a-yl]-4-fluoro-phenyl]-5-fluoro-pyridine-2-carboxamide

N-[7a-(5-Amino-2-fluoro-phenyl)-6-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-2-yl]benzamide(302 mg, 647 μmol) and 5-fluoropyridine-2-carboxylic acid (110 mg, 777μmol) are combined in dichloromethane (3 mL) and dimethylformamide (0.5mL). 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole (116 mg, 842 μmol) and then1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (164 mg, 842μmol) are added and the mixture is stirred overnight at room temperatureunder nitrogen. The reaction mixture is diluted with water and the pHadjusted with 1 N NaOH to −12 and then extracted with ethyl acetate(3×). The organic layers are combined and filtered to collect theinsoluble material. The solids are washed with water and ethyl acetateand dried under vacuum to give the title compound. The organic layerfrom the filtrate is dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and the solventremoved in vacuo. The residue is purified over silica gel with a 20minute 5% to 100% ethyl acetate in hexanes gradient to give additionaltitle compound with a combined yield (275 mg, 72%). ES/MS (m/e): 590(M+H).

Preparation 32N-[(4aR,7aS)-7a-(5-Amino-2-fluoro-phenyl)-6-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-2-yl]benzamide,(isomer 1)

RacemicN-[7a-(5-amino-2-fluoro-phenyl)-6-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-2-yl]benzamide(1.694 g, 3.63 mmol) is chirally purified by HPLC (Column: Chiralcel OJ,8×35 cm; eluent: 90% methanol (0.2% dimethylethylamine) and 10%acetonitrile; flow 400 mL/min at UV 280 nm). Analysis of the firsteluting isomer (Column: Chiralcel OJ-H 0.46×15 cm; eluent: 10:90acetonitrile:methanol (with 0.2% dimethylethylamine); flow: 0.6 mL/minat UV 280 nm) confirms the enantiomerically enriched (99% ee) enantiomerwith R_(t)=6.70 minutes, (723 mg, 43%). ES/MS (m/e): 467 (M+H).

Preparation 33N-[3-[(4aR,7aS)-2-Benzamido-6-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-7a-yl]-4-fluoro-phenyl]-5-methoxy-pyrazine-2-carboxamide,(isomer 1)

N-[(4aR,7aS)-7a-(5-Amino-2-fluoro-phenyl)-6-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-2-yl]benzamide(0.361 g, 0.77 mmol, isomer 1) is dissolved in a mixture ofdichloromethane (4 mL) and DMF (0.5 mL). 5-Methoxypyrazine-2-carboxylicacid (240 mg, 1.55 mmol), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (210 mg, 1.55 mmol) and1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (300 mg,1.55 mmol) are added to the mixture and the mixture is stirred overnightat room temperature. The reaction solution is added directly onto a 12 gsilica gel loading column and purified using a 40 g silica gel columnand eluting with a 0-100% ethyl acetate/hexanes gradient. The product isdissolved in ethyl acetate (200 mL), washed with 1 N NaOH (2×50 mL), andwith brine (1×50 mL). The silica gel purification is repeated asdescribed above to give the title compound (350 mg, 74%). ES/MS (m/e):603 (M+H).

Preparation 34N-[3-[(4aR,7aS)-2-Benzamido-6-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-7a-yl]phenyl]-5-cyano-pyridine-2-carboxamide

N-[(4aR,7aS)-7a-(3-Aminophenyl)-6-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-2-yl]benzamide(0.30 g, 0.67 mmol) is dissolved in dichloromethane (10 mL) and5-cyanopyridine-2-carboxylic acid (129 mg, 0.87 mmol),1-hydroxybenzotriazole (185 mg, 1.34 mmol) and1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (169 mg,0.87 mmol) are added. Diisopropylethyamine (0.35 mL, 2 mmol) is addedand the reaction is stirred at room temperature overnight. The materialis purified directly with silica gel chromatography eluting with a0-100% ethyl acetate/hexanes gradient to give the title compound (360mg, 88%). ES/MS (m/e): 579 (M+H).

Preparation 35N-[3-[(4aR,7aS)-2-Benzamido-6-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-7a-yl]phenyl]-3,5-difluoro-pyridine-2-carboxamide

N-[(4aR,7aS)-7a-(3-Aminophenyl)-6-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-2-yl]benzamide(0.30 g, 0.67 mmol) is dissolved in dichloromethane (10 mL) and3,5-difluoropyridine-2-carboxylic acid (138 mg, 0.87 mmol),1-hydroxybenzotriazole (185 mg, 1.34 mmol) and1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (169 mg,0.87 mmol) are added. Diisopropylethylamine (0.35 mL, 2 mmol) is addedand the reaction is stirred at room temperature overnight. The reactionis purified directly with silica gel chromatography eluting with a0-100% ethyl acetate/hexanes gradient to give the title compound (330mg, 84%). ES/MS (m/e): 590 (M+H).

Preparation 36N-[3-[(4aR,7aS)-2-Benzamido-6-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-7a-yl]-4-fluoro-phenyl]-5-cyano-pyridine-2-carboxamide,(isomer 1)

N-[(4aR,7aS)-7a-(5-Amino-2-fluoro-phenyl)-6-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-2-yl]benzamide(0.180 g, 0.39 mmol, isomer 1) is dissolved in a mixture ofdichloromethane (2 mL) and DMF (0.25 mL). 5-Cyanopyridine-2-carboxylicacid (114 mg, 0.77 mmol), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (106 mg, 0.77 mmol) and1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (150 mg,0.77 mmol) are added and the reaction is stirred at room temperatureovernight. The mixture is diluted with water (10 mL), ethyl acetate (10mL) and added to a solution of 1 N NaOH (100 mL). The mixture isextracted with EtOAc (2×100 mL) and the organic layers are combined andwashed with brine. The organic layer is dried over MgSO₄, filtered andconcentrated. The residue is purified over silica gel chromatographyusing a 0-100% ethyl acetate/hexanes gradient to give the title compound(133 mg, 57%). ES/MS (m/e): 597 (M+H).

Preparation 37N-[3-[(4aR,7aS)-2-Benzamido-6-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-7a-yl]-4-fluoro-phenyl]-3,5-difluoro-pyridine-2-carboxamide,(isomer 1)

N-[(4aR,7aS)-7a-(5-Amino-2-fluoro-phenyl)-6-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-2-yl]benzamide(0.180 g, 0.39 mmol, isomer 1) is dissolved in a mixture ofdichloromethane (2 mL) and DMF (0.25 mL). 5-Cyanopyridine-2-carboxylicacid (114 mg, 0.77 mmol), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (106 mg, 0.77 mmol) and1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (150 mg,0.77 mmol) are added and the reaction is stirred at room temperatureovernight. The mixture is diluted with water (10 mL) and ethyl acetate(10 mL) and then poured into a solution of 1 N NaOH (100 mL). Themixture is extracted with EtOAc (2×100 mL) the organic extracts arecombined and washed with brine. The organic layers are dried over MgSO₄,filtered and concentrated. The residue is purified via silica gelchromatography using a 0-100% ethyl acetate/hexanes gradient to give thetitle compound (190 mg, 80%). ES/MS (m/e): 608 (M+H).

EXAMPLE AN-[3-[2-Amino-6-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-7a-yl]-4-fluoro-phenyl]-5-fluoro-pyridine-2-carboxamide

A mixture ofN-[3-[2-benzamido-6-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-7a-yl]-4-fluoro-phenyl]-5-fluoro-pyridine-2-carboxamide(293 mg, 497 μmol), O-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (430 mg, 4.97mmol) and pyridine (402 μL, 4.97 mmol) is heated in ethanol (13 mL) to70° C. in a capped flask for 2.5 hours. Dimethyl sulfoxide (3 mL) isadded and the mixture is heated at 70° C. overnight. Additional dimethylsulfoxide (10 mL) is added and heating continued at 70° C. for 4 hours.Additional O-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (208 mg, 2.48 mmol) andpyridine (201 μL, 2.48 mmol) is added and the mixture is heated to 60°C. for 3 hours and the mixture is stirred for 3 days at roomtemperature. In a separate flask, a mixture ofN-[3-[2-benzamido-6-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-7a-yl]-4-fluoro-phenyl]-5-fluoro-pyridine-2-carboxamide(276 mg, 468 μmol), O-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (405 mg, 4.68mmol) and pyridine (478 μL, 4.68 mmol) is heated in ethanol (15 mL) anddimethyl sulfoxide (4 mL) at 70° C. in a capped flask overnight.Additional dimethyl sulfoxide (10 mL) is added and heating is continuedat 70° C. for 4 hours. Additional O-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride(195 mg, 2.34 mmol) and pyridine (189 μL, 2.34 mmol) is added andheating continued at 70° C. for 3 hours followed by stirring the mixturefor 3 days at room temperature. The two reaction mixtures are combinedand most of the solvent removed in vacuo. The crude product is purifiedon a SCX column using 3:1 dichloromethane:methanol and then 2:1dichloromethane:7 N ammonia in methanol. The crude product is furtherpurified over silica gel with a 20 minute 0.5% to 10% gradient of 7 Nammonia methanol in dichloromethane gradient to give the title compound(451 mg, 96%). ES/MS (m/e): 486 (M+H).

EXAMPLE 1N-{3-[(4aR,7aS)-2-Amino-6-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-7a(4H)-yl]phenyl}-5-fluoropyridine-2-carboxamidehydrochloride

A mixture ofN-[3-[(4aR,7aS)-2-benzamido-6-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-7a-yl]phenyl]-5-fluoro-pyridine-2-carboxamide(320 mg, 560 μmol), O-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (485 mg, 5.60mmol) and pyridine (453 μL, 5.60 mmol) in ethanol (15 mL) is heated at65° C. in a capped vial for five hours. The reaction is cooled and thesolvent removed in vacuo. The crude product is purified over silica gelwith a 30 minute 0.5% to 10% gradient of 7 N ammonia in methanoldichloromethane gradient to giveN-[3-[(4aR,7aS)-2-amino-6-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-7a-yl]phenyl]-5-fluoro-pyridine-2-carboxamide(219 mg, 84%). This material is dissolved in dichloromethane (1 mL) andmethanol (0.5 mL) and 1 M hydrogen chloride in diethyl ether (0.47 mL,470 μmol) is added. The solvent is removed in vacuo to give the titlecompound (228 mg, 81%). ES/MS (m/e): 468 (M+H).

EXAMPLE 2N-{3-[(4aR,7aS)-2-Amino-6-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-7a(4H)-yl]phenyl}-5-methoxypyrazine-2-carboxamidehydrochloride

A mixture ofN-[3-[(4aR,7aS)-2-benzamido-6-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-7a-yl]phenyl]-5-methoxy-pyrazine-2-carboxamide(479 mg, 819 μmol), O-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (709 mg, 8.19mmol) and pyridine (663 μL, 8.19 mmol) in ethanol (20 mL) is heated at50° C. in a capped flask overnight. Dimethyl sulfoxide (4 mL) is addedand the mixture is heated to 70° C. for 4 hours to obtain a solution.The reaction is cooled and most of the solvent is removed in vacuo.Water is added and the pH is adjusted to ˜12 with 1 N sodium hydroxide.The mixture is extracted with ethyl acetate (5×). The combined organicextracts are dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and the solvent removedin vacuo. The crude product is purified over silica gel with a 30 minute0.5% to 10% gradient of 7 N ammonia methanol in dichloromethanegradient. The mixture is purified again on a SCX column using 3:1dichloromethane:methanol and then 2:1 dichloromethane:7 N ammonia inmethanol to remove residual dimethyl sulfoxide. The mixture is purifieda final time over silica gel with a 20 minute 0.5% to 10% gradient of 7N ammonia methanol in dichloromethane to giveN-[3-[(4aR,7aS)-2-amino-6-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-7a-yl]phenyl]-5-methoxy-pyrazine-2-carboxamide.This material is dissolved in dichloromethane (1 mL) and methanol (0.5mL) and 1 M hydrogen chloride in diethyl ether (0.66 mL, 660 μmol) isadded. The solvent is removed in vacuo to give the title compound (329mg, 78%). ES/MS (m/e): 481 (M+H).

EXAMPLE 3N-[3-[(4aR,7aS)-2-Amino-6-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-7a-yl]-4-fluoro-phenyl]-5-fluoro-pyridine-2-carboxamidehydrochloride

RacemicN-[3-[2-amino-6-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-7a-yl]-4-fluoro-phenyl]-5-fluoro-pyridine-2-carboxamide(451 mg, 929 μmol) is chirally purified by SFC (Column: Chiralcel OD-H(5 um), 2.1×25 cm; eluent: 40% methanol (0.2% isopropylamine) in CO₂;flow 70 mL/min at UV 225 nm). Chiral analysis of the first elutingisomer: Column: Chiralcel OD-H (5 μm), 4.6×150 mm; eluent: 40% methanol(0.2% isopropylamine) in CO₂; flow 5 mL/min at UV 225 nm confirms theenantiomerically enriched (>99% ee) enantiomer with R_(t)=1.01 minutes(175 mg, 360 μmoles). This material (free base, isomer 1) is dissolvedin dichloromethane (1 mL) and methanol (0.5 mL) and 1 M hydrogenchloride in diethyl ether (0.36 mL, 360 μmoles) is added. The solvent isremoved in vacuo to give the title compound (183 mg, 38%). ES/MS (m/e):486 (M+H).

EXAMPLE 4N-[3-[(4aR,7aS)-2-Amino-6-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-7a-yl]-4-fluoro-phenyl]-5-methoxy-pyrazine-2-carboxamidehydrochloride

N-[3-[(4aR,7aS)-2-Benzamido-6-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-7a-yl]-4-fluoro-phenyl]-5-methoxy-pyrazine-2-carboxamide(0.350 g, 0.58 mmol, isomer 1) is dissolved in THF (2 mL) and thenmethanol (4 mL) and ethanol (4 mL) are added. O-Methylhydroxylaminehydrochloride (495 mg, 5.81 mmol) and pyridine (470 μL, 5.81 mmol) areadded to the mixture and the reaction is warmed to 50° C. and stirredovernight. Silica gel (˜10 g) is added to the reaction and the mixtureis concentrated. The sample, dried onto silica gel, is loaded onto anempty cartridge and purified eluting with a 0-10% gradient of 7 Nammonia methanol in dichloromethane. The product is purified a secondtime on a SCX column using 3:1 dichloromethane:methanol and then 2:1dichloromethane:7 N ammonia in methanol. The product is purified a finaltime over silica gel with a 0% to 10% gradient of 7 N ammonia methanolin dichloromethane to give the free base of the title compound. Thismaterial is dissolved in dichloromethane (5 mL) and 1 M hydrogenchloride in diethyl ether (0.20 mL, 660 μmol) is added. The solvent isremoved in vacuo to give the title compound (71 mg, 23%). ES/MS (m/e):498 (M+H).

EXAMPLE 5N-[3-[(4aR,7aS)-2-Amino-6-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-7a-yl]phenyl]-5-cyano-pyridine-2-carboxamidehydrochloride

N-[3-[(4aR,7aS)-2-Benzamido-6-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-7a-yl]phenyl]-5-cyano-pyridine-2-carboxamide(360 mg, 0.59 mmol) is dissolved in ethanol (10 mL) and dichloromethane(2 mL). 0-Methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (504 mg, 5.91 mmol) andpyridine (478 μL, 5.91 mmol) are added and the reaction is stirred atroom temperature over the weekend (70 hrs). The reaction is warmed to60° C. and stirred for 24 hrs. The reaction is concentrated to give thecrude product and purified via silica gel chromatography using a 0-10%gradient of 7 N ammonia methanol in dichloromethane to give the freebase of the title compound. This material is dissolved indichloromethane (5 mL) and 1 M hydrogen chloride in diethyl ether (0.54mL, 540 μmol) is added. The solvent is removed in vacuo to give thetitle compound (240 mg, 75%). ES/MS (m/e): 475 (M+H).

EXAMPLE 6N-[3-[(4aR,7aS)-2-Amino-6-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-7a-yl]phenyl]-3,5-difluoro-pyridine-2-carboxamidehydrochloride

N-[3-[(4aR,7aS)-2-Benzamido-6-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-7a-yl]phenyl]-3,5-difluoro-pyridine-2-carboxamide(330 mg, 0.53 mmol) is dissolved in THF (10 mL) and diluted with ethanol(10 mL). O-Methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (453 mg, 5.32 mmol) andpyridine (430 μL, 5.91 mmol) are added and the reaction is stirred atroom temperature over the weekend (70 hrs). The reaction is warmed to60° C. and stirred for 24 hrs. The mixture is concentrated onto silicagel (˜10 g) and purified via silica gel chromatography using a 0-10%gradient of 7 N ammonia methanol in dichloromethane to give the freebase of the title compound. This material is dissolved indichloromethane (5 mL) and 1 M hydrogen chloride in diethyl ether (0.49mL, 490 μmol) is added. The solvent is removed in vacuo to give thetitle compound (159 mg, 54%). ES/MS (m/e): 486(M+H).

EXAMPLE 7N-[3-[(4aR,7aS)-2-Amino-6-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-7a-yl]-4-fluoro-phenyl]-5-cyano-pyridine-2-carboxamidehydrochloride

N-[3-[(4aR,7aS)-2-Benzamido-6-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-7a-yl]-4-fluoro-phenyl]-5-cyano-pyridine-2-carboxamide(133 mg, 0.22 mmol, isomer 1) is dissolved in THF (1 mL) and dilutedwith methanol (3 mL) and ethanol (3 mL). O-Methylhydroxylaminehydrochloride (190 mg, 2.2 mmol) and pyridine (180 μL, 2.2 mmol) areadded. The reaction is warmed to 50° C. and stirred overnight. Themixture is concentrated onto silica gel (˜10 g) and purified via silicagel chromatography eluting with a 0-10% gradient of 7 N ammonia methanolin dichloromethane. The material is purified a second time on a SCXcolumn using 3:1 dichloromethane:methanol and then 2:1 dichloromethane:7N ammonia in methanol. The mixture is purified a final time over silicagel with a 0% to 10% gradient of 7 N ammonia methanol in dichloromethaneto give the free base of the title compound. This material is dissolvedin dichloromethane (5 mL) and 1 M hydrogen chloride in diethyl ether(0.27 mL, 270 μmol) is added. The solvent is removed in vacuo to givethe title compound (114 mg, 97%). ES/MS (m/e): 493 (M+H).

EXAMPLE 8N-[3-[(4aR,7aS)-2-Amino-6-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-7a-yl]-4-fluoro-phenyl]-3,5-difluoro-pyridine-2-carboxamidehydrochloride

N-[3-[(4aR,7aS)-2-benzamido-6-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-4,4a,5,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-7a-yl]-4-fluoro-phenyl]-3,5-difluoro-pyridine-2-carboxamide(190 mg, 0.31 mmol, isomer 1) is dissolved in THF (1 mL) and dilutedwith methanol (3 mL) and ethanol (3 mL). O-Methylhydroxylaminehydrochloride (267 mg, 3.1 mmol) and pyridine (253 μL, 3.1 mmol) areadded and the reaction is warmed to 50° C. and stirred overnight. Thereaction is purified on an SCX column using 3:1 dichloromethane:methanoland then 2:1 dichloromethane:7 N ammonia in methanol. The material ispurified a final time over silica gel with a 0% to 10% gradient of 7 Nammonia methanol in dichloromethane to give the free base of the titlecompound. This material is dissolved in dichloromethane (5 mL) and 1 Mhydrogen chloride in diethyl ether (0.20 mL, 200 μmol) is added. Thesolvent is removed in vacuo to give the title compound (101 mg, 60%).ES/MS (m/e): 504 (M+H).

In Vitro Assay Procedures:

For in vitro enzymatic and cellular assays, test compounds are preparedin DMSO to make up a 10 mM stock solution. The stock solution isserially diluted in DMSO to obtain a ten-point dilution curve with finalcompound concentrations ranging from 10 mM to 0.05 nM in a 96-wellround-bottom plate before conducting the in vitro enzymatic and wholecell assays.

In Vitro Protease Inhibition Assays Expression of Human BACE1

Human BACE1 (accession number: AF190725) is cloned from total brain cDNAby RT-PCR. The nucleotide sequences corresponding to amino acidsequences #1 to 460 are inserted into the cDNA encoding human IgG₁ (Fc)polypeptide (Vassar et al. 1999). This fusion protein of BACE1(1-460)and human Fc, named huBACE1:Fc, is constructed into the pJB02 vector.Human BACE1(1-460):Fc (huBACE1:Fc) is transiently expressed in HEK293cells. 250 μg cDNA of each construct is mixed with Fugene 6 and added to1 liter HEK293 cells. Four days after the transfection, conditionedmedia are harvested for purification.

Purification of huBACE1:Fc

huBACE1:Fc is purified by Protein A chromatography. The enzyme is storedat −80° C. in small aliquots.

BACE1 FRET Assay

Serial dilutions of test compounds are prepared as described above.Compounds are further diluted 20× in KH₂PO₄ buffer. Ten μL of eachdilution is added to each well on row A to H of a corresponding lowprotein binding black plate containing the reaction mixture (25 μL of 50mM KH₂PO₄, pH 4.6, 1 mM TRITON® X-100, 1 mg/mL Bovine Serum Albumin, and15 μM of FRET substrate) (See Yang, et. al., J. Neurochemistry, 91(6)1249-59 (2004)). The content is mixed well on a plate shaker for 10minutes. Fifteen μL of two hundred pM human BACE1(1-460):Fc (See Vasser,et al., Science, 286, 735-741 (1999)) in the KH₂PO₄ buffer is added tothe plate containing substrate and test compounds to initiate thereaction. The RFU of the mixture at time 0 is recorded at excitationwavelength 355 nm and emission wavelength 460 nm, after brief mixing ona plate shaker. The reaction plate is covered with aluminum foil andkept in a dark humidified oven at room temperature for 16 to 24 h. TheRFU at the end of incubation is recorded with the same excitation andemission settings used at time 0. The difference of the RFU at time 0and the end of incubation is representative of the activity of BACE1under the compound treatment. RFU differences are plotted versusinhibitor concentration and a curve is fitted with a four-parameterlogistic equation to obtain the EC₅₀ and IC₅₀ values. (See Sinha, etal., Nature, 402, 537-540 (2000)).

The following exemplified compounds were tested essentially as describedabove and exhibited the following activity for BACE1:

TABLE 1 Example # BACE1 IC₅₀ (nM) 1  0.610 (±0.0948, n = 8/9) 2  0.482(±0.0580, n = 6/7) 3 0.554 (±0.0674, n = 3) 4 0.569 (±0.0796, n = 2) 50.450 (±0.0911, n = 4) 6 0.739 (±0.181, n = 7)  7 0.358 (n = ⅓)      80.730 (±0.0951, n = 3) Mean ± SEM; SEM = standard error of the mean

These data demonstrate that the compounds of Table 1 potently inhibitpurified recombinant BACE1 enzyme activity in vitro.

Whole Cell Assays for Measuring the Inhibition of Beta-SecretaseActivity HEK293Swe Whole Cell Assay

The routine whole cell assay for the measurement of inhibition ofbeta-secretase activity utilizes the human embryonic kidney cell lineHEK293p (ATCC Accession No. CRL-1573) stably expressing a human APP751cDNA containing the naturally occurring double mutation Lys651Met652 toAsn651Leu652, commonly called the Swedish mutation (noted HEK293Swe) andshown to overproduce Abeta (Citron, et al., Nature, 360, 672-674(1992)). In vitro Abeta reduction assays have been described in theliterature (See Dovey, et al., Journal of Neurochemistry, 76, 173-181(2001); Seubert, et al., Nature, 361, 260 (1993); and Johnson-Wood, etal., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94, 1550-1555 (1997)).

Cells (HEK293Swe at 3.5×10⁴ cells/well, containing 200 μL culture media,DMEM containing 10% FBS) are incubated at 37° C. for 4 to 24 h in thepresence/absence of inhibitors (diluted in DMSO) at the desiredconcentration. At the end of the incubation, conditioned media areanalyzed for evidence of beta-secretase activity, for example, byanalysis of Abeta peptides. Total Abeta peptides (Abeta 1-x) aremeasured by a sandwich ELISA, using monoclonal 266 as a capture antibodyand biotinylated 3D6 as reporting antibody. Alternatively, Abeta 1-40and Abeta 1-42 peptides are measured by a sandwich ELISA, usingmonoclonal 2G3 as a capture antibody for Abeta 1-40, and monoclonal21F12 as a capture antibody for Abeta 1-42. Both Abeta 1-40 and Abeta1-42 ELISAs use biotinylated 3D6 as the reporting antibody. Theconcentration of Abeta released in the conditioned media following thecompound treatment corresponds to the activity of BACE1 under suchconditions. The 10-point inhibition curve is plotted and fitted with thefour-parameter logistic equation to obtain the EC₅₀ and IC₅₀ values forthe Abeta-lowering effect. The following exemplified compounds weretested essentially as described above and exhibited the followingactivity for Abeta lowering effect:

TABLE 2 HEK 293 Swe A-beta HEK 293 Swe A-beta (1-40) ELISA (1-42) ELISAExample IC₅₀ (nM) IC₅₀ (nM) 1 0.619 0.437 2 0.324 0.289 3 1.26 0.299 50.0887 0.0785 6 0.220 0.211 Mean ± SEM; SEM = standard error of the mean

These data demonstrate that the compounds of Table 2 potently inhibitnative Abeta production in whole cells.

PDAPP Primary Neuronal Assay

A confirmatory whole cell assay is also run in primary neuronal culturesgenerated from PDAPP transgenic embryonic mice. Primary cortical neuronsare prepared from Embryonic Day 16 PDAPP embryos and cultured in 96 wellplates (15×10⁴ cells/well in DMEM/F12 (1:1) plus 10% FBS). After 2 daysin vitro, culture media is replaced with serum free DMEM/F12 (1:1)containing B27 supplement and 2 μM (final) of Ara-C (Sigma, C1768). Atday 5 in vitro, neurons are incubated at 37° C. for 24 h in thepresence/absence of inhibitors (diluted in DMSO) at the desiredconcentration. At the end of the incubation, conditioned media areanalyzed for evidence of beta-secretase activity, for example, byanalysis of Abeta peptides. Total Abeta peptides (Abeta 1-x) aremeasured by a sandwich ELISA, using monoclonal 266 as a capture antibodyand biotinylated 3D6 as reporting antibody. Alternatively, Abeta 1-40and Abeta 1-42 peptides are measured by a sandwich ELISA, usingmonoclonal 2G3 as a capture antibody for Abeta 1-40, and monoclonal21F12 as a capture antibody for Abeta 1-42. Both Abeta 1-40 and Abeta1-42 ELISAs use biotinylated 3D6 as the reporting antibody. Theconcentration of Abeta released in the conditioned media following thecompound treatment corresponds to the activity of BACE1 under suchconditions. The 10-point inhibition curve is plotted and fitted with thefour-parameter logistic equation to obtain the EC₅₀ and IC₅₀ values forthe Abeta-lowering effect. The following exemplified compounds weretested essentially as described above and exhibited the followingactivity for Abeta lowering effect:

TABLE 3 PDAPP Neuron A-beta PDAPP Neuron A-beta (1-40) ELISA (1-42)ELISA Example IC₅₀ (nM) IC₅₀ (nM) 1 0.487 (±0.0946, n = 2) 0.591(±0.268, n = 2)  2 0.244 (n = ½)      1.22 (±0.967, n = 2) 3 0.309(±0.0478, n = 2) 0.184 (±0.0234, n = 2) 4 0.134  0.131  5 0.132(±0.0717, n = 2) 0.0813 6 0.279 (±0.0607, n = 2) 0.308 (±0.115, n = 2) 7 0.0873 0.0649 8 0.285  0.29  Mean ± SEM; SEM = standard error of themean

These data demonstrate that the compounds of Table 3 potently inhibitAbeta production in whole cells

In Vivo Inhibition of Beta-Secretase

Several animal models, including mouse, guinea pig, dog, and monkey, maybe used to screen for inhibition of beta-secretase activity in vivofollowing compound treatment Animals used in this invention can be wildtype, transgenic, or gene knockout animals. For example, the PDAPP mousemodel, prepared as described in Games et al., Nature 373, 523-527(1995), and other non-transgenic or gene knockout animals are useful toanalyze in vivo inhibition of Abeta and sAPPbeta production in thepresence of inhibitory compounds. Generally, 2 to 12 month old PDAPPmice, gene knockout mice or non-transgenic animals are administeredcompound formulated in vehicles, such as corn oil, cyclodextran,phosphate buffers, PHARMASOLVE®, or other suitable vehicles. One totwenty-four hours following the administration of compound, animals aresacrificed, and brains as well as cerebrospinal fluid and plasma areremoved for analysis of Abetas, C99, and sAPP fragments. (See May, etal., Journal of Neuroscience, 31, 16507-16516 (2011)).

For standard in vivo pharmacology studies, animals are dosed withvarious concentrations of compound and compared to a vehicle-treatedcontrol group dosed at the same time. For some time course studies,brain tissue, plasma, or cerebrospinal fluid is obtained from selectedanimals, beginning at time 0 to establish a baseline. Compound orappropriate vehicle is administered to other groups and sacrificed atvarious times after dosing. Brain tissue, plasma, or cerebrospinal fluidis obtained from selected animals and analyzed for the presence of APPcleavage products, including Abeta peptides, sAPPbeta, and other APPfragments, for example, by specific sandwich ELISA assays. At the end ofthe test period, animals are sacrificed and brain tissues, plasma, orcerebrospinal fluid are analyzed for the presence of Abeta peptides,C99, and sAPPbeta, as appropriate. Brain tissues of APP transgenicanimals may also be analyzed for the amount of beta-amyloid plaquesfollowing compound treatment. “Abeta 1-x peptide” as used herein refersto the sum of Abeta species that begin with residue 1 and ending with aC-terminus greater than residue 28. This detects the majority of Abetaspecies and is often called “total Abeta”.

Animals (PDAPP or other APP transgenic or non-transgenic mice)administered an inhibitory compound may demonstrate the reduction ofAbeta or sAPPbeta in brain tissues, plasma or cerebrospinal fluids anddecrease of beta amyloid plaques in brain tissue, as compared withvehicle-treated controls or time zero controls. For example, 3 hoursafter administration of 1, 3, or 10 mg/kg oral dose of the compound ofExample 1 to young female PDAPP mice, Abeta 1-x peptide levels arereduced approximately 34%, 48%, and 53% in brain hippocampus, andapproximately 43%, 59% and 66% in brain cortex, respectively, comparedto vehicle-treated mice.

For example, 3 hours after administration of 1 or 3 mg/kg oral dose ofthe compound of Example 3, Abeta 1-x peptide levels are reducedapproximately 38% and 50% in brain hippocampus, and approximately 34%and 53% in brain cortex, respectively compared to vehicle-treated mice.

Given the activity of Examples 1 and 3 against BACE enzyme in vitro,these Abeta lowering effects are consistent with BACE inhibition invivo, and further demonstrate CNS penetration of Examples 1 and 3

These studies show that compounds of the present invention inhibit BACEand are, therefore, useful in reducing Abeta levels.

1-5. (canceled)
 6. A process for preparing a pharmaceutical composition,comprising admixing a compound of the formula:

wherein R is H or F; and A is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with one or morepharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents, or excipients.
 7. Theprocess according to claim 6 wherein the compound is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 8. The process accordingto claim 6 wherein the compound is the HCl salt of: